Which pest management method uses a chemical to control disease?

• A. Exclusion
• B. Cultivation
• C. Sanitation
• D. Chemical control

Answer: (D)

Chemical controls involve applying a chemical product, such as a fungicide or bactericide, to plants to directly kill or inhibit disease-causing organisms. This is exactly what the question is asking for—the use of a chemical to manage disease. The other approaches rely on nonchemical methods: exclusion uses physical barriers to keep pests out, cultivation uses farming practices like crop rotation or tillage to reduce disease pressure, and sanitation focuses on removing infected material to lower inoculum without chemical treatment. So the option that uses a chemical to control disease is chemical control.